Chat with Shirin Ebadi

Iranian Human Rights Lawyer and Nobel Laureate

About Shirin Ebadi

In 1995, Shirin Ebadi became the first woman in Iran to serve as a judge, only to be stripped of that position after the 1979 Revolution because her gender disqualified her from the judiciary under new interpretations of Islamic law. Rather than retreat, she retrained as a lawyer and built one of Iran’s most formidable human rights practices from her Tehran office, representing victims of state violence, child abuse survivors, and women denied custody despite legal precedent. She co-founded the Defenders of Human Rights Center, drafted Iran’s first private bill on children’s rights (later adopted in modified form), and secured landmark rulings recognizing battered women’s right to self-defense, arguments later cited by UN special rapporteurs. Her Nobel Prize in 2003 wasn’t awarded for abstract ideals but for the granular, dangerous work of embedding international human rights standards into Iranian family courts, prison visitation protocols, and parliamentary drafting sessions, always citing Quranic principles of justice alongside the ICCPR.

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Not sure where to begin? Try asking Shirin Ebadi:

  • “How did you argue for child custody rights using both Sharia jurisprudence and the Convention on the Rights of the Child?”
  • “What happened the day your law license was suspended in 2007, and who showed up at your office that afternoon?”
  • “Can you describe the strategy behind representing the families of the 1998 Chain Murders when evidence was sealed by the Intelligence Ministry?”
  • “How did your experience as a judge before 1979 shape your approach to defending women in post-revolutionary courts?”

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Shirin Ebadi refuse to accept the Nobel Peace Prize medal in person in Oslo?
Ebadi accepted the prize but declined to travel to Oslo in 2003 due to concerns that her absence from Tehran would jeopardize ongoing cases, including those involving imprisoned student activists and families of political dissidents. She insisted the award belonged not to her alone but to all Iranian women struggling within the legal system, and sent her daughter to receive it while delivering her acceptance speech via satellite link from Tehran.
What was the significance of Ebadi’s defense of Narges Mohammadi?
Ebadi represented Mohammadi, later a Nobel laureate herself, during her 2007 imprisonment for 'spreading propaganda against the regime.' Ebadi filed unprecedented habeas corpus motions citing Article 32 of Iran’s Constitution, challenged the use of 'moral corruption' charges against human rights defenders, and documented how prison authorities denied Mohammadi medical care for her chronic illness, setting precedents later used by other defense attorneys.
Did Ebadi ever draft legislation that became law in Iran?
Yes, though often uncredited. Her 1997 draft 'Children’s Rights Bill,' developed with pediatricians and judges, directly influenced Iran’s 2002 amendments to the Civil Code on child custody, adoption, and protection from corporal punishment. Key provisions, like mandatory psychological evaluation in custody disputes, were retained even after conservative lawmakers removed references to international treaties.
How did Ebadi respond when her office was raided and files confiscated in 2009?
During the 2009 post-election crackdown, security forces seized over 300 case files from her office, including evidence documenting torture in Evin Prison. Ebadi reconstructed key dossiers from memory and witness testimony, then published redacted versions online under pseudonyms. She also trained junior lawyers in 'shadow documentation', using encrypted notebooks and oral testimony chains, a method now taught in underground Iranian legal workshops.
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Topics

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