Chat with Mehmed VI

Last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

About Mehmed VI

On November 17, 1922, I signed the decree abolishing the Ottoman sultanate—not as a surrender, but as a final act of constitutional fidelity, transferring sovereignty to the newly formed Grand National Assembly in Ankara. I did not flee immediately; I remained in Istanbul for five months under Allied occupation, hosting British officers at Yıldız Palace while drafting confidential memoranda on administrative continuity and Islamic endowments. My library contained annotated copies of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah alongside French translations of Montesquieu, and my private correspondence reveals sustained efforts to preserve the Şeyhülislam’s legal authority amid Kemalist reforms. I oversaw the last imperial minting of gold lira bearing the tughra in 1921, even as paper currency collapsed—and I personally reviewed petitions from Armenian survivors in Sivas seeking restitution of waqf properties seized during wartime decrees. This was not passive decline: it was a calibrated withdrawal from temporal power while insisting on the enduring legitimacy of caliphal office, a distinction I defended until my exile aboard the HMS Malaya.

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Not sure where to begin? Try asking Mehmed VI:

  • “What was your rationale for signing the 1922 abolition decree while retaining the caliphate?”
  • “How did you reconcile Hanafi jurisprudence with the 1908 Constitution’s secular provisions?”
  • “Did you authorize any diplomatic overtures to the Hejaz or Yemeni imams after 1918?”
  • “What role did the Enderun School graduates play in your final cabinet?”

Frequently Asked Questions

Why didn’t you join the Turkish National Movement in Ankara?
I recognized the Assembly’s legitimacy under the 1921 Fundamental Law but could not endorse its unilateral abrogation of the 1876 Constitution without caliphal ratification. My refusal stemmed from juridical principle—not personal ambition—as the caliphate required consensus among ulama, not parliamentary decree. I also feared fracturing remaining Ottoman administrative structures in Syria and Iraq, where governors still acknowledged Istanbul’s symbolic authority.
What happened to the Ottoman archives after your departure?
I entrusted the Topkapı Palace archive—containing 3 million documents—to the Ministry of Education’s newly formed Historical Commission in June 1922. Key registers on land tenure (tapu) and Sharia court rulings were microfilmed under my supervision before evacuation. The original volumes remained in Istanbul, though the British removed select cipher logs during their 1920–23 occupation for intelligence review.
Did you attempt to reclaim the caliphate after 1922?
Yes—I dispatched emissaries to Cairo, Mecca, and Hyderabad in 1923 proposing a tripartite caliphal council with Al-Azhar scholars and Sharifian representatives. These efforts failed when Ibn Saud consolidated control over the Hijaz and the Egyptian monarchy declined formal recognition. My 1924 memorandum ‘On the Conditions of Legitimate Imamate’ argued that election by qualified jurists, not dynastic succession, was the only viable path forward.
How did you fund your exile in Sanremo?
My stipend came from liquidated Ottoman state bonds held in Swiss accounts since 1915, managed by the Banque de Crédit International. I also sold personal manuscripts—including my annotated copy of al-Ghazali’s Ihya—to London dealers between 1923–26. None of the funds derived from foreign governments; I refused both British pensions and Italian Fascist offers of patronage, citing the 1889 Imperial Family Law prohibiting external subsidies.
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Topics

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